电动汽车换电技术是指用充电电池替换放电电池并将其放置在汽车中，同时将放电电池放在充电平台或充电站的过程。该技术有助于电池的超快速充电、消除电动汽车的里程障碍并允许多家公司的电池标准化与可互换。换电技术面临的主要问题是：如果不同公司生产的电池尺寸有差异，这项技术可能会无效。为了解决这个问题，制造商必须确保他们的电池以及其他电池可以在各自的车辆中发挥功效。换电池技术的优势在于车主无需等待电池充电时间，只需在几分钟内将电池更换为另一块充满电的电池，即可继续旅行。

PART 1

换电市场面临的问题 

图片来源：北汽新能源官网

由于国际标准化组织(ISO)推出了电动汽车的标准，换电市场是全新的领域，目前面临的主要问题有：

• 互换性：制造商必须确保电池组是可互换的。

• 便利性：电池拆卸过程无需人工帮助。

• 基础设施：它需要比充电站更多的投资；必须保证储存的电池快速充电；而且必须有储备库存，以防需求突然增加。

• 电池退化：电池持续充电可能会降低车主电池的质量。

• 电池所有权：由于人们根据自己的喜好和对该品牌的信任从不同的公司购买产品/车辆，电池交换技术可能面临重大挑战，因为人们必须购买并补充电池或使用原装电池进行交换。

PART 2

 换电市场的合作与共赢 

图片来源：网络

2021年，荷兰壳牌集团(Shell)和中国电动汽车公司蔚来汽车(Nio)签署合作协议，双方将共同推进充换电设施的建设与运营。换电站方面，在中国，双方到2025年共建100座换电站；在欧洲，双方计划从2022年开始进行换电站的建设、运营试点工作。充电设施方面，壳牌欧洲充电网络将向蔚来用户开放。壳牌集团与蔚来汽车还在就电池资产公司合作、车队管理、会员体系、家庭充电桩服务等方面进行积极讨论，未来一定也会逐步合作布局。

2024年1月28日，宁德时代和滴滴同时宣布，双方已于1月26日成立换电合资公司。换电合资公司将依托双方的技术优势和运营能力强强联合，从网约车场景切入，为众多新能源车辆提供高效换电服务。此次合作是双方在公共补能领域的重要战略布局，双方将引领行业服务和技术标准，提升资源利用率及社会运营效率。除成立换电合资公司之外，宁德时代还与滴滴旗下小桔能源形成战略合作意向，将推动在储充一体等更广泛新能源领域的合作。

PART 3

 换电市场的未来发展

2023年以来欧洲电动汽车换电市场有一定的增长预期，其中电动汽车制造商是换电站增加的主要驱动力。在中国，换电模式正获得行业政策的持续认可，2023年12月召开的全国工业和信息化工作会议上，工信部再度明确表示支持新能源汽车换电模式发展。同月，在工信部、财政部、税务总局联合发布的《关于调整减免车辆购置税新能源汽车产品技术要求的公告》中，明确了换电模式车型相关要求。工信部装备工业一司负责人解读称，换电模式在降低购车成本、消除里程焦虑、提升安全水平方面有一定优势，此举系为支持换电模式创新发展。

ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY SWAPPING

Battery Swapping is the process of replacing a discharged battery with a charged battery and placing it in a mother component (vehicle or bike), while keeping the discharged battery in a charging platform/station. This aids in the super-fast charging of batteries. This removes the range barrier for electric vehicles, allowing for the standardisation and interchangeability of batteries from multiple companies. The main issue with the entire setup is that if the battery dimensions differ from company to company, the technology may prove ineffective. To address this issue, the manufacturer must ensure that their battery, as well as other batteries, can perform their functions in the respective vehicles. The advantage of swapping technology is that instead of waiting for the battery's charging time to return to the destination, the owner can simply swap the battery with another fully charged battery within minutes and continue the journey.

Electric vehicle battery swapping market

The market for swapping technology is new, as ISO has introduced standards for electric vehicles. The problems with battery swapping technology include:

• Interchangeability: The manufacturer must ensure that the battery pack is interchangeable.

• Convenience: It can be removed without assistance.

• Infrastructure: It requires more investment than a charging station; it must ensure that the stored batteries charge quickly; and a reserve stock must be kept in case of a sudden increase in demand.

• Battery degradation: Continuous battery charging may degrade the quality of the owner's battery.

• Battery Ownership: Because people buy products/vehicles from different companies based on their preferences and trust in that brand, battery swapping technology may face significant challenges because the person must purchase and supplement the battery or use the original to swap.

A new partnership

Shell and Chinese electric vehicle company Nio have formed a joint venture to expand the number of charging and battery switching stations in China and Europe. The partnership will include a network of co-branded battery switching stations, starting with two trial locations in China. Shell and Nio intend to open one hundred sites in China. The two companies plan to "explore" potential locations for experimental battery swapping sites in Europe before expanding beyond that. Nio drivers will also have access to Shell's European charging network. 

文章来源：Rematec News 及网络

2024年亚洲再制造展览会Rematec Asia将于8月28-30日在广州保利世贸博览馆举办，展会将重点关注电动汽车电池及零部件回收及再制造领域，为全球再制造企业提供经验技术交流的平台，欢迎届时莅临！